Sex Education in Malaysia free essay sample

These days, there are numerous social issues identified with young people in our nation particularly infant dumping. The administration had reported that the best approach to conquer this issue is sex training ought to be instructed to kids at their initial age. In any case, on my perspective youngsters are too youthful to even think about learning sex instruction and instructors are not certain about showing sex training. Right off the bat, youngsters are too youthful to even think about learning sex training. This is on the grounds that at the early age, youngsters are anxious to attempt new things and get new encounters. Accordingly, when they learn sex training, it will make them to rehearse it and lead them to have early intercourse. Moreover ,kids otherwise called awful leaders. This is on the grounds that youngsters are excessively youthful and juvenile, along these lines they don't know to separate the merchandise and terrible for them. At the point when, they learn sex training, they will presented to another condition which they don't have any limit to examine about sex without knowing the negative or beneficial outcomes. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sex Education in Malaysia or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page All in all, sex instruction be educated to youngsters at their initial age ought to be annulled in light of the fact that kids are youthful and terrible leaders. Also, sex instruction ought to be nullified in light of the fact that instructors are not certain about showing sex training. This is on the grounds that instructors have recognized the absence of formal preparing in showing sex training. In this way, educators experience issues to instruct understudies and it is additionally will make understudies less comprehend the subject which will give many negative impacts than beneficial outcomes. What's more, sex instruction contains touchy issues and this will make educators hard to give full clarification about the subject. In this manner, understudies will turn out to be progressively confounded without any problem. It is on the grounds that, the educators don't have a clue about the best clarification to cause understudies to see better. Taking everything into account, sex instruction ought to be canceled in light of the fact that instructors are not solid and steady to show the subject. Taking everything into account, sex instruction be educated to kids at their initial age ought to be canceled as it gives many negative impacts. In this manner, guardians ought to impart their youngsters with more prominent Islamic qualities.

Gmf (Genetically Modified Food) Essay

â€Å"Genetically adjusted foods† is the term most generally used to allude to edit plants made for human or ani mal utilization, which have been altered in the research center to upgrade wanted attributes or improved healthful substance. The improvement of wanted attributes has customarily been embraced through rearing, yet customary plant reproducing strategies can be very tedious and are frequently not precise. Hereditary designing, then again, can make plants with the specific wanted quality quickly and with incredible precision. Advancement. GM nourishments were first put available in the mid 1990s. Ordinarily, hereditarily altered nourishments are plant items: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil, yet creature items have been proposed. The first financially developed hereditarily altered entire food crop was the tomato puree (called FlavrSavr), which was made progressively impervious to spoiling by Californian organization Calgene. As of now, th ere are various nourishments of which a hereditarily changed rendition exists. What plants are included? A few nourishments have been altered to make them impervious to creepy crawlies and infections and increasingly ready to endure herbicides. Harvests that have been adjusted for these reasons, with endorsement from the applicable specialists, in various nations, include: maize, soybean, oilseed assault (canola), chicory, squash, potato. A portion of the benefits of GM nourishments: There is a need to create cheap, sheltered and nutritious nourishments to help feed the world’s developing populace. Hereditary change may give: ï‚ · Better quality food. ï‚ · Higher healthful yields. ï‚ · Inexpensive and nutritious food, similar to carrots with more cancer prevention agents. ï‚ · Foods with a more noteworthy time span of usability, similar to tomatoes that taste better and last more. ï‚ · Food with therapeutic advantages, for example, eatable antibodies †for instance, bananas with bacterial or rotavirus antigens. ï‚ · Crops and produce that require less compound application, for example, herbicide safe canola. A portion of the impediments of GM nourishments: Food administrative specialists necessitate that GM nourishments get individual pre-showcase wellbeing evaluations. Likewise, the standard of ‘substantial equivalence’ is utilized. This implies a current food is contrasted and its hereditarily adjusted coun terpart to discover any contrasts between the current food and the new item. The appraisal researches: ï‚ · Toxicity (utilizing comparable strategies to those utilized for customary nourishments). ï‚ · Tendency to incite any unfavorably susceptible response. ï‚ · Stability of the embedded quality. ï‚ · Whether there is any dietary shortage or change in the GM food. ï‚ · Any other unintended impacts of the quality inclusion. Financial concerns: Putting up a GM nourishment for sale to the public is a long and expensive procedure, and obviously agri - biotech organizations wish to guarantee a beneficial profit for their venture. Numerous new plant hereditary building advancements and GM plants have been licensed, and patent encroachment is a major worry of agribusiness. However purchaser advocates are concerned that licensing these new plant assortments will raise the cost of seeds so high that little ranchers and underdeveloped nations won't have the option to bear the cost of seeds for GM crops, in this manner augmenting the hole between the well off and poor people. One approach to battle conceivable patent encroachment is to bring a â€Å"suici de gene† into GM plants. These plants would be suitable for just one developing season and would create sterile seeds that don't grow. Ranchers would need to purchase a new gracefully of seeds every year. In any case, this would be monetarily heartbreaking for ranchers in underdeveloped nations who can't bear to purchase seed every year and generally put aside a segment of their reap to plant in the following developing season. How are GM nourishments marked? Marking of GM nourishments and food items is likewise a disagreeable issue. On th e entire, agribusiness enterprises accept that naming ought to be intentional and impacted by the requests of the free market. In the event that purchasers show inclination for named nourishments over non - marked nourishments, at that point industry will have the motivating force to manage itself or hazard distancing the client. There are numerous inquiries that must be replied if naming of GM nourishments gets required, for example, are purchasers ready to ingest the expense of such an activity? In the event that the food creation industry is required to mark GM nourishments, industrial facilities should build two separate preparing streams and screen the creation lines as needs be. Ranchers must have the option to keep GM crops and non - GM crops from blending during planting, collecting and transportation. It is nearly guaranteed that industry will go along these extra expenses to customers as more significant expenses. Food marks must be intended to obviously pass on precise data about the item in basic language that everybody can comprehend. End: Hereditarily adjusted nourishments can possibly tackle a significant number of the world’s appetite and lack of healthy sustenance issues, and to help ensure and save the earth by expanding yield and decreasing dependence upon concoction pesticides and herbicides. Be that as it may, we should continue with alert to abstain from making unintended damage human wellbeing and the earth because of our energy for this ground-breaking innovation.

£9000 Tuition Fees Could Mean Paying Back Double

£9000 Tuition Fees Could Mean Paying Back Double The OE Blog Whilst Universities Minister David Willetts and the Coalition government continue obliquely to insist that their controversial new £9000 tuition fees system is “fair and progressive”, yet another highly respected study this week proved that students earning various middle-income salaries could end up paying back up to £85,000 in cash terms in loan repayments. The study, by leading accountants, was commissioned by BBC breakfast and looked at three case studies based on average students. It assumed that each of the students took out a loan of £9000 for each year of tuition fees, as indications now show that most good universities will be charging the upper limit in spite of hollow government promises that this would only occur in “exceptional circumstances.” The three students were assumed to have taken a moderate £4000 maintenance grant for each year of study; a mid-range figure from the amount available depending on family income. The study found that depending on the starting salary and ongoing income of each case study, the students would have to pay back between £71,873 and £83,791 in cash terms. The government has claimed that the new system reduces the burden of debt on students by allowing them to pay off their loans at a lower rate over a longer period of time. However they conveniently fail to mention that with the new system allowing for interest of up to 3% above inflation (compared to the current rate, which is set no higher than inflation) these longer repayment periods will result in students being saddled with vastly higher debts due to the enormous interest they will accrue over the period. So while the government claims to understand the needs of the average, middle income earner, they are in fact using the longer repayment period as a means of lining their coffers with huge amounts of extra interest under an absurd smokescreen of financial leniency. They even plan to introduce fines and disincentives for higher earners wishing to pay off their loans early, to avoid losing out on the vast sums of interest they will accrue by collecting repayments over a longer period. So even students working extremely hard and managing to land a well-paid job soon after graduation will not be able to reap the financial benefits of being economically responsible and trying to get out of debt as soon as possible. Universities Minister David Willetts has tried hard to focus public attention on what appears to be the attractive side of the scheme; as longer payment periods stretched over more years mean lower individual instalments. But his claim that “I think for many people what will matter the most are lower monthly repayments”, utterly fails to acknowledge the high importance for everybody of not paying back double the amount you have borrowed over a longer period of time! John Whiting, of the Chartered Institute of Taxation, confirmed that If somebody takes a significant loan its going to take them a long time to pay it back, and they are going to be paying twice even three times the amount if it takes them a long time to pay it back.

Writing Assignments My Writing Assignment - 856 Words

Looking back to all the writing assignments that I completed during the course of the semester, I feel that I have gained a large amount of knowledge in a variety of different works. The Literary Response papers helped me gain insight on the culture and beliefs during the period that we were studying; and the Homework assignment papers allowed me to further research and analyze works so that I have more of an in depth knowledge about the pieces. Learning about the different cultures, has in a sense affected my views about artworks. Before I would not have given much thought to some of the artworks that I saw, but after learning about the pieces, I feel that my opinions on artwork in general has changed quite a bit. After looking at my writing assignments I think that my writing style has not changed much since the beginning of the semester. I use the same format as I did in the beginning to write my Literary Responses as well as the Homework assignments. Although the style and format ting of my papers did not change much, I think my analysis of the works have improved. I am able to describe the artworks better, and I have an easier time reading the Literary Response passages and interpreting it to my writing. In the beginning I struggled with writing these essays, but as the course went on it become easier for me to write them. These assignments really help’s with writing the essays on the exams, I am able to describe works more thoroughly and I can get my thoughts on paperShow MoreRelatedWriting Assignment 2. My Writing Assignment Is To Explain1000 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Assignment 2 My writing assignment is to explain nonverbal communication â€Å"messages expressed by nonlinguistic means†. (Adler et al 431) so that you may understand that verbal communication is just a small part of the communication process and that through nonverbal communication you can communicate without even using words or by the way you say the words. Let me warn you that you need to be very careful when trying to interpret nonverbal communication, because nonverbal communication canRead MoreMy Hardest Writing Assignment1119 Words   |  5 PagesThe most stressful/ hardest writing assignment. The hardest writing assignment I thought I would ever have to write about would have to be this paper. Not because I have never had a hard writing assignment, but because in fact, I have had many hard writing assignments. What made me think this paper was going to be my hardest assignment was because of all of the complications I had, just to try to start this one. One major complication that I had was that my internet was not wanting to work,Read MoreCompleting All Of My Assignments For Writing1281 Words   |  6 Pagesof my assignments for Writing 102, I have learned to manage my researching and synthesizing skills in a different way. Furthermore, I now have a better understanding of what I should include in my synthesizing process. After reviewing the learning objectives, I have found that integrating evidence, synthesizing, and producing research-based writing in context are now familiar to me. When I had passed in my first synthesis, a lot of the feedback that was given to me was to further evaluate my contextRead MoreWriting Assignments For My High School1084 Words   |  5 PagesThrough the various writing assignments throughout the duration of this course, I have found out many things about myself as a writer. Each of the assignments in their own particular way better prepared me for the next. Starting with the report. From the moment this was assigned to the class, I automatically knew what my report would focus on. I had never really had to write a report before due to my high school not adequately preparing me for such but anyhow I still knew what I wanted to discussRead MoreCritical Skills And My Writing Assignments901 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout all my writing assignments, I have developed many critical skills that allows me to simplify my work, and narrow-down my topic to simpler forms. Interestingly, at the beginning of this quarter I was afraid of in-class writing essays because I am a super slow in writing and thinking. However, afte r writing several drafts for every assignment, my understanding of the critical skills gradually increased to the point where I wrote well organised essays within the time limit. I think I am readyRead MoreI Am My Best Writing869 Words   |  4 PagesWriting has always been difficult for me. I learned to read and write in second grade because I had cancer, this lead me to become behind in school. However, leaving this class I feel confident about my writing. Freshman Composition has forced me to improve with my semicolon use, coma use, and vocabulary. My work had not always been smooth and easy to read, but today my writing has improved extremely; for instance, looking back on my first essay to my last I can tell I have improved just by lookingRead MoreHow Do You Typically Go About Preparing For A Writing Assignment Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages1. How do you typically go about preparing for a writing assignment? Describe the steps you take, including rereading the assignment, ask ing questions about it, talking to instructors or friends, jotting down ideas, gathering information, and so on. How far in advance of the due date do you usually begin working on the assignment? Typically, I look at the assignment as soon as I can before the due date in order to begin the brainstorming process. This could be three months or two days prior toRead MoreMy Writing : The Reflective Essay Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reflective Essay Writing has been one of my favorite hobbies since I was in high school, so I used to spend many hours to writing in my daily journals in Vietnamese. However, when I came to America, I felt more difficult to write and express my thoughts in English because I did not know much vocabularies and lacking grammatical knowledge. Then, I decided to go back to school to improve my writing skills because I recognize the significance of writing in my everyday lives. As a college studentRead MoreGraduation Speech On The State Exams1460 Words   |  6 PagesProfile Essay Throughout the 15 years of my academic career, academic writing has become a much larger part of the curriculum. The writing assignments have gone from simple, one- line sentences describing a picture to a simple, 3- paragraph persuasive essay on the state exams in high school; all the way to a 25 page comprehensive research essay during my freshman year at East Stroudsburg University. As the years and assignments progressed, I developed a set of writing weakness and strengths that still shapeRead MoreSemester Reflection994 Words   |  4 PagesReflection As the semester started, I had set my mind that I was destined to achieve a lot. During the start of the semester, I had several difficulties writing English assignments especially in terms of grammar. During the first week of the semester, I sat down, organized my thoughts and comprehended that throughout the semester, I had to achieve all that I had planned for. As a student of English, I had planned that throughout the semester, I had to improve my skills as a scholar, writer and critical

Essay Native American Astronomy - 1202 Words

Native American Astronomy For many years astronomers and people alike have constantly heard about the observations and records of the Chinese and Europeans. No other culture can provide as much information as that gathered by the Chinese and Europeans, but there are many other cultures that observed and recorded the night sky, one of those being the Native Americans. During the last fifteen to twenty years archaeoastronomers have uncovered much concerning the beliefs and records of Native Americans. Unfortunately, the methods of keeping records of astronomical events were not as straight forward as the Chinese and Europeans. The Native Americans had to use what they could to record what they observed. Their records were found on rock†¦show more content†¦The Pawnee have a story about a person named Pahokatawa, who was killed by an enemy and eaten by animals, and then brought back to life by the Gods. The legend goes that he fell to earth as a meteor and told the people that when meteors were seen falling in great numbers it was not a sign that the world would end. When the pawnee tribe witnessed the time the stars fell upon the earth, which was in 1833, there was a panic, but the leader said, â€Å"remember the words of Pahokatawa† and the people were no longer afraid. This shows how powerful a role astronomy played in the Native American culture. Although the Pawnee learned not to be afraid there were Native Americans who feared meteors. The Blackfeet of Montana believed a meteor was a sign that sickness would come to the tribe in the winter the Kawaiisu thought a meteor started high and fell to the horizon was an omen of death. The Cahuilla thought a meteor was the spirit of their first shaman, takwich, who was disliked his people. Takwich wandered the sky at night looking for people far from their tribe. If he found a lost person he steal their spirit and the person home and eat them. The Shawnee believed meteors were beings fleeing from the wrath of some adversary, or from some anticipated danger.(Howard 178) Many Native Americans saw the stars as heavenly and mystical. The Wintu explained meteors as the spirits of shamans traveling to the after life. TheShow MoreRelatedAustralian And Native American History1472 Words   |  6 Pagesvastly different regions and cultures of the world, Australian and Native American mythologies have more in common than people initially realize. Both span thousands of years of traditional lifestyles, having developed unique folklore in order to preserve their cultures. Australian mythology has a slightly less severe tone, having written their myths in order to record them in the aftermath of colonization, while Native Americans feel a religious reverence for the tales because they view their storiesRead MoreThe Impact Of European Expeditions On The American Regions Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe impact of European expeditions in the American regions during the late 1400s and early 1 500s was substantial. Entirely motivated by god, glory, and gold; the Europeans brought many things to America. Including death, food, religion, metal tools, and language. Starting around 1492, Columbus was trying to find a faster route to Asia. Instead, he found an entirely different continent that would later be named America. One of the most notable things they brought was death. Bartolomà © de Las CasasRead MoreRelationship Between Native Americans And The British, French, Spanish, And Dutch1501 Words   |  7 Pagesshown by the Native Americans and the Europeans, when the latter came to the Americas in hope of land and wealth, which did not belong to them. The Europeans encountered great diversity when stepping foot into the Americas. Cultures of the Indians had them shocked; while they regarded them as â€Å"noble savages,† the Indians had a society much more complex than any European society. They had language, government, social organization, and intellect skilled i n mathematics, astrology, and astronomy. Civil interactionRead MoreEuropean Colonization : Christopher Columbus And Native Americans Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pages(Effects of European Colonization: Christopher Columbus and Native Americans). This was primarily due to European domesticated animals such as: pigs, sheep, horses, cows, and goats. To create a great epidemic of diseases America had never witnessed before. Horrible diseases which the ingenious population had no immunity for, smallpox, typhus, influence, diphtheria, and measles. â€Å"Modern historians commonly accept that around 90% of all Native Americans died as a result of contact with Europeans† (EffectsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1491 By Charles C. Mann1823 Words   |  8 Pageswrites, regarding the loss of Native American culture: â€Å"Here, at last, we begin to appreciate the enormity of the calamity, for the disintegration of native America was a loss not just to those societies but to the human enterprise as a whole. . . . The Americas were a boundless sea of novel ideas, dreams, stories, philosophies, religions, moralities, discoveries, and all the other products of the mind†(137). Within this passage, Mann explains how the loss of Native America to the havoc of EuropeanRead MoreThe Beginning Of American Literature Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesThe beginning of American literature started in the 17th century when pirated, adventurers, and explorers started to write about the new continent. These people became permanent colonists. The writing during this time varied in terms of quality and subjects. This early literature was made up of creation myths, travel journals, history writing, poetry, religious writing, and personal narratives. Creation myths are some one of the six genres we see in the beginning of American literature. They areRead MoreAn Introduction Of Navajo Constellations1358 Words   |  6 Pagesto understand the heavens above us, ancient cultures created grand mythologies utilizing valiant heroes, gods, and life practices and then imbedded these stories into the stars in the form of constellations. One of these cultures is the Navajo Native American tribe that resided in the southwest region of the United States. By viewing these constellations and the myths behind them, we can learn about what they Navajo held scared and how they viewed the world around them. An important aspect of NavajoRead MoreIndigenous Tribes of Latin America1511 Words   |  7 PagesSome of these kingdoms are among the most well-known in the world. The Meso-American native peoples make Latin America famous. These peoples include the Aztecs and Mayans. The Aztecs are most famous for their mathematical prowess and their calendars are exceptionally accurate. Meanwhile, the Mayans are known for creating a fully-written language and making amazing advancements in the fields or mathematics, astronomy, art and architecture. Their calendar is also well-known. The developmentRead More The European Impact on Native American Technology Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe European Impact on Native American Technology When European exploration led to the populating of the Americas, it was described as the event with one of the greatest ecological impacts in history. The force behind this impact was the mass movement of people and their behaviors toward their New World. It only stands to reason that a clash would occur with the natives of these lands. One of the areas with the greatest conflict was the field of technology. Scientifically, when the culturesRead MoreThe Expeditions Of The Expedition2406 Words   |  10 Pagesand Clark have almost always been associated with excellence and adventure. Their expedition westward in search of a water passageway across the country has become etched into the annals of history as one of the earliest and greatest examples of American nationalism and survives not only as a compelling story, but also as a piece of living, breathing history. However, upon examining the expedition, several prudent questions arise: Could the expedition truly have known what awaited them out west?

Impact of Migrants on British Economy Free Essays

Introduction Historically Britain has been economically dependent on migrants to maintain itself as a leading world economy. Labour shortages in Britain were often a problem for capitalists, hence migration was encouraged. However from the onset migrants who tried to improve their economic and employment status, often suffered prejudice and were deemed biologically inferior. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Migrants on British Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Classic examples were Irish migrants who came to Britain to escape political unrest, this marked the start of Irish immigration, â€Å"which was connected to economic change, urbanisation and class formation in British society† (Solomos 2003: 37). According to Reeves, 1983, Rich, 1986 and Brody, 1998, â€Å"Images of the racial or cultural inferiority of the Irish were based not only on particular ideological constructions of the Irish but also on the definition of Englishness or Anglo-Saxon culture in terms of particular racial and cultural attributes† (cited in Solomus, 2003:39). Likewise these ideological constructions were also imposed on Black communities; both racial prejudice and discrimination were common. Britain had colonised the world in particular Africa in order to maintain economic power, and in the process had exploited its people in the slave trade. White’s behaviour towards blacks was cruel and brutal, sheer physical force was used to control them, Black people were regarded as subhuman. In order to justify the treatment of these newly colonised groups of people, supposed scientific racial theories were developed by scientists such as De Gobineau (1816-1882). De Gobineau drew upon Charles Darwin’s work (1809-1882) who proposed a theory of evolution, occurring by the process of natural selection. Darwin theorised that, â€Å"The animals (or plants) best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the characteristics which helped them survive to their offspring† (see:www.). However Darwin’s theory was never intended to influence theories of ‘race’, nonetheless De Gobineau took it upon himself to adapt it to the human race. He argued that, â€Å"Humans are separated into noticeable ‘races’ which are innately unequal† ( ). In addition to this, â€Å"Gobineau noted the superiority of the white race above others who had no chance to improve themselves through social organisation because they were somehow ‘programmed’ to be ‘inferior† ( ). He concluded that there were three different races â€Å"white (Caucasian), black (Negroid) and yellow (mongoloid). But most significantly he claimed that, â€Å"the white race was superior to the black race.† (Giddens, 2006:485). The inferior characteristics that Europeans bestowed upon Africans; enabled whites to maintain power over the black race. However by the late 1800’s new economic changes were occurring, the slave trade was finally abolished owing to public outcry. Britain’s economy of agriculture was superseded by an industrial economy, funded by the profits of the slave trade. This era described as the ‘Industrial Revolution’ was one of invention, enabling items to be produced on a larger scale. Whilst Industrialists profited from this new economy, socioeconomic factors of the new working class had become a cause for concern. Many workers had moved from the peripheries in search of work, they expected to find a better quality of life. However on their arrival they found overcrowded living conditions, long work hours and poverty, the distinction between rich and poor was apparent.Towns such as Liverpool which had been significant in the slave trade had now been outmoded by the ‘Industrial Revolution’. Whilst manufacturing had a positive effect on Britain’s economy, Li verpool’s geographical position was no longer appropriate. Social problems were more severe in Liverpool owing to a larger population, enhanced by migrants and their descendants. It was proposed that growing migrant communities were the cause of social problems, although there was no evidence to suggest this.Harris argues that, â€Å"Social decay was supposed to be connected with the presence of a ‘Negro’ population†¦and so on who constituted an almost insignificant percentage of the population of the sea-port towns† (Cited in Solomos, 2003: 44). This was set to change as post war Britain witnessed an increase in Black communities. â€Å"In 1945, Britain was recovering from the Second World War and was in need of immense reconstruction† (Lavalette Pratt, 2006:91). Reserves of labour power, usually of White European origin were exhausted,â€Å"They (White Europeans) were given preference over Commonwealth citizens because, among other reasons, there was considerable prejudice against the recruitment of black colonial workers† (Small Solomos, 1994:284). Nonetheless it was general consensus between the main political parties in Britain, that the Ministry of Labour should exploit commonwealth immigrants as labour reserves. â€Å"The result was for Britain, a unique scheme, with the British State undertaking to meet all the costs of recruitment, travel and repatriation on behalf of capitalists who were short of workers† (Solomos, 2003:50).Decolonisation assisted Black colonial immigrants to migrate to Br itain, high unemployment and inadequate welfare assistance in their countries of origin, gave them natural aspirations to migrate. Black migrants were able to enter Britain via the ‘British Nationality Act of 1948’; allowing any person who had resided in the British colonies, to live and work in Britain. Furthermore South Asian communities including Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis entered Britain, East Africa had gained its independence and those who held British passports fled to Britain to avoid political unrest. On their arrival in Britain the majority of immigrants shared similar experiences in forms of racist practices. â€Å"Stigmitisation,inferiorisation,exclusion and/or discrimination in arena’s such as employment,education,housing,media,the criminal justice system, immigration apparatus, and the health services† (Brah,1996:97). These forms of institutional racism would eventually lead to solidarity, between different racial groups in thei r fight for equality. In 1958 ‘race’ riots occurred in Nottingham and Notting hill, Black immigrants were held responsible for riots. Black communities were used as scapegoats by the media for social unrest, â€Å"The media denied that the unrest was not the result of racism and instead attempted to criminalize the unrest, by claiming it was the product of a ‘black’ criminal underbelly within society† (Solomos, 1988; Gilroy, 1987, cited in Cole). In 1959 the Conservatives were elected into government and sought immigration controls to limit the flow of immigrants entering Britain. In 1962 the Conservative government implemented the ‘Commonwealth Act’; this was intended to achieve the desired effect of restricting the flow of immigrants. In effect â€Å"this piece of legislation was racist it removed the right of entry into Britain from all British passport holders, who did not have a parent or grandparent born in Britain† (Miles Phizacklea, 1984:60 ). In 1964 Labour won the General Election and had promised to rethink its strategies on immigration. Consequently in 1965 they implemented the ‘Race Relations Act’ to appease previous racist legislation, protecting existing immigrants and prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of colour, race and ethnic origin. Furthermore the policy of ‘Assimilation’ was introduced by the government to prevent immigrants from feeling excluded. It was the government’s intention to encourage immigrants to, â€Å"abandon their original customs and practices, moulding their behaviour to the values and norms of the majority† (Giddens, 2006: 497). Nonetheless many policies which intended to integrate immigrant communities were essentially undermining. Immigrants would often want to retain their own cultural values; this was perceived as reluctance to integrate into British society. Assimilation was followed by the concept of integration; British society was educated regarding different cultures. By the late 1960’s, Britain was in social and economic decline â€Å"housing, unemployment and crime was linked by the government to rising immigration† (Solomos, 2003:500). The number of visible minorities was increasing in Britain; this had not been anticipated by the British government. Black communities were growing as a result of chain migration and often endured low socio-economic status.â€Å"Immigration served to provide a ‘cheap army of labour’ but access to the welfare services, particularly housing and education, was neither planned for or often denied† (Williams; 1989:7). Minority groups did not share the same opportunities as white working class, As Pierson (2001) notes, â€Å"the compromise represented a ‘rapprochement between capital and a white, male, metropolitan and organised working class,’ which had been secured largely at the expense of other groups of workers† (p: 77). Moreover in the 1960’s, the Black community in Britain became more politically aware; they were motivated by the ongoing civil Rights Movement in America. Britain’s Black communities were able to identify with their American counterparts. â€Å"Black consciousness was rooted in the idea of there being a corporate black history and identity which is accessible only to individuals by virtue of their experience of being black† (Shukra, 1998:41). Increased political activity by ethnic minorities was potentially a threat to British society. Problems relating to Britain’s new multicultural society had to be addressed and successive governments enacted measures to combat discrimination. There were repeated implementations of the Race Relations Acts and Human Rights Acts, to promote race equality and stem the hostility of the White working class. White working class held immigrants for the failure of the capitalist system, as unemployment and housing shortages rose. Politicians fuelled prejudice and hostility towards migrant populations also, Enoch Powell warned, Increased immigration was to blame for †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ their wives were unable to obtain hospital beds on childbirth, their children were unable to obtain school places, their homes and neighbour-hoods were changed beyond recognition for the British population (Lavalette Pratt, 2006:92). This statement was hypocritical as the British government had advertised for migrant workers, to satisfy labour shortages in post-war Britain. The 1970’s witnessed further economic recession and encouraged Fascist organisations. â€Å"These right wing organisations adopted a similar style as Enoch Powell by exaggerating a supposed threat to the British way of life posed by â€Å"immigrants with alien cultures† (Brah, 1996: 37). Racism and racial discrimination have been a feature of British society, however original theories of race were no longer held.theories of race began Early theories placed race as being characterised in relation to the theory of evolution placing importance on appearance. Later, as discussed earlier theories were mainly focused around socio-economic and political context, with the constant notion of ‘us versus them’ with the addition of fear and pollution of disease, as was stereotyped with the Irish. Popular theories such as Marxism and Weberian sociology may be outdated but they provide accounts on the development of the new theories of race, racism and racial discrimination. Robert Miles (1988), a Marxist, states â€Å"on the one hand the need of the capitalist world economy for the mobility of human being, and on the other, the drawing of territorial boundaries and the construction of citizenship as a legal category which sets boundaries for human mobility† (c ited in Solomos and Black, 1996: 9), relates to the potential for global capitalism if migrants are included, but those excluded have problems with citizenship. With reference to race and racial discrimination it can be said that immigrants in Britain faced inequalities that Marx stated in his theory of proletariats being exploited by the bourgeoisie, as the only forms of employment that were available to migrants were unwanted by the dominant white population. Marx described the capitalist society and employment structure, as having no form of social upward/downward mobility. Conclusion Weberian theory consists of class, status and power, with more agency and more possibility of change. Contemporary Weberian sociologists such as Rex and Tomlinson cited in Solomos and Black (1996) integrate both status and party in relation to class by describing the underclass were conceptualised in terms of their disadvantages compared to their white peers. â€Å"Instead of identifying with working class culture, community and politics, they formed their own organisations and became effectively a separate underprivileged class.† How to cite Impact of Migrants on British Economy, Essay examples

Work Experience Report free essay sample

As Ships Diving Officer, I was responsible for the proper ballasting of the ship in port and at sea and responsible to coordinate all submarine docking and undoing procedures during extended maintenance. As Quality Assurance Officer, I was responsible for ensuring proper standards of maintenance, training and qualification of workers and inspectors for all Level l, SUBSUME and reactor and steam plant cleanliness procedures. Specific engineering tasks I carried out during my employment include: Primary supervisor for operation, upkeep and testing of all reactor controls, monitoring and protection equipment for a US Navy pressurized water nuclear actor. I supervised seven technicians in carrying out complex test procedures, corrective and preventative maintenance of reactor controls equipment and developing troubleshooting procedures to address a number of different reactor control and protection system casualties. Specific engineering tasks I carried out in this position include: * Test plan development and execution for control rod alignment and timing testing; * Test plan development and execution for primary protection instrumentation calibration; * Developed an integrated reactor controls division audit and surveillance program; * Planned and executed 5 year prime allergenic alignment of reactor controls equipment. This procedure involves significant mathematical and engineering calculations, precise adjustments to reactor controls equipment and non-standard reactor plant operations at maximum plant output; * Developed an emergent troubleshooting and repair/replacement plan for the successful replacement of a leaking large grade capacitor which provided mission critical pump control capabilities. Nuclear Engineering Plant Watch Supervisor and Nippon Engineering Duty Officer Responsible for safe operation of the Ana nuclear propulsion plant and all associated auxiliary equipment. This included operations at maximum propulsion, nuclear and propulsion plant casualty response, establishing test procedure and maintenance estate boundaries, and development and execution to quail assurance control maintenance and test procedures. Specific engineering tasks I carried out in this position include: * Establishing primary safety boundaries for electrical and mechanical component upkeep, repair and replacement; * Evaluating primary and secondary plant chemistry and calculating and approving required chemical additions under varying plant conditions necessary to ensure proper plant hygiene and prevent component corrosion and degradation; * Evaluation of plant parameters and application of complex engineering calculations to establish appropriate measures for safe startup and shutdown of the reactor plant under normal and emergency conditions. Primary supervisor for sonar acoustic division, responsible for the training of on watch sonar operators and the upkeep and maintenance of all sonar and acoustic systems. I supervised 15 operators and technicians in carrying out complex maintenance evolutions and developing and executing troubleshooting procedures to repair mission critical systems and components. Specific engineering related tasks I carried out in this position include: * Developed quality assurance controlled work procedures for maintenance and repair of SUBSUME, seawater boundary systems; * Developed and executed a 27-day at-sea troubleshooting and repair plan to identify and correct complex electronic system faults that resulted in a loss of more than 50% of on board acoustic sensing and analysis capability while conducting a mission of national importance. The identification and rectification of multiple power and signal enhancement component failures required detailed and methodical troubleshooting landing skills and the design and implementation of two separate Jumper systems in order to restore mission critical processing capability; * Led the ships sound silencing and component noise monitoring teams, supervising sonar division and 12 noise control petty officers in identifying and correcting noise deficiencies throughout the ship as well as in external tanks and components. In this capacity I was required to apply knowledge of system load requirements, sound silencing equipment specifications and preservation requirements and conduct thorough space and yeses inspections to identify and correct hundreds of noise deficiencies. Primary supervisor for all Level I and SUBSUME quality assurance repair and maintenance as Ships Quality Assurance Officer. Specific engineering tasks I performed in this position include: * Review and approval of all controlled work packages for repair and overhaul of SUBSUME and Level I components; * Developed rigorous command surveillance and monitoring program to ensure efficacy of controlled work procedures and to identify and correct all issues related to Objective Quality Evidence (JOE) documenting controlled work; * Established safe work mandarins for hydrostatic testing of SUBSUME and Level I components and systems; * Developed training and qualification plan for to ensure compliance with all appropriate Joint Fleet Maintenance Manual standards and regulations by all quality assurance craftsman and supervisors on board. As Ships Diving Officer, I was responsible for the maintenance of ship weights, moment and balance calculations to ensure sate operations while submerging the ship and to ensure safe conduct of import maintenance procedures effecting weight and balance distribution on board. Spec ific engineering tasks I carried out in this ole include: * Calculating ships dive compensation for each initial submergence of the submarine after in port operations. This involved precise calculations of weight load and distribution changes affecting the ships neutral submerged buoyancy during in port and extended surfaced operations. Calculations required detailed knowledge and assessment in changes of equipment and supply load outs, variable tank levels and complex component replacement weight adjustment measurements to ensure proper buoyancy when submerging the submarine after extended in port periods * Primary supervisor for ballasting down evolutions. This included calculating anticipated trim and list changes from large scale and rapid changes in ballast through venting or blowing variable ballast tanks. * Supervising all docking and undoing evolutions as docking officer.