Sex Education in Malaysia free essay sample

These days, there are numerous social issues identified with young people in our nation particularly infant dumping. The administration had reported that the best approach to conquer this issue is sex training ought to be instructed to kids at their initial age. In any case, on my perspective youngsters are too youthful to even think about learning sex instruction and instructors are not certain about showing sex training. Right off the bat, youngsters are too youthful to even think about learning sex training. This is on the grounds that at the early age, youngsters are anxious to attempt new things and get new encounters. Accordingly, when they learn sex training, it will make them to rehearse it and lead them to have early intercourse. Moreover ,kids otherwise called awful leaders. This is on the grounds that youngsters are excessively youthful and juvenile, along these lines they don't know to separate the merchandise and terrible for them. At the point when, they learn sex training, they will presented to another condition which they don't have any limit to examine about sex without knowing the negative or beneficial outcomes. We will compose a custom exposition test on Sex Education in Malaysia or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page All in all, sex instruction be educated to youngsters at their initial age ought to be annulled in light of the fact that kids are youthful and terrible leaders. Also, sex instruction ought to be nullified in light of the fact that instructors are not certain about showing sex training. This is on the grounds that instructors have recognized the absence of formal preparing in showing sex training. In this way, educators experience issues to instruct understudies and it is additionally will make understudies less comprehend the subject which will give many negative impacts than beneficial outcomes. What's more, sex instruction contains touchy issues and this will make educators hard to give full clarification about the subject. In this manner, understudies will turn out to be progressively confounded without any problem. It is on the grounds that, the educators don't have a clue about the best clarification to cause understudies to see better. Taking everything into account, sex instruction ought to be canceled in light of the fact that instructors are not solid and steady to show the subject. Taking everything into account, sex instruction be educated to kids at their initial age ought to be canceled as it gives many negative impacts. In this manner, guardians ought to impart their youngsters with more prominent Islamic qualities.

Gmf (Genetically Modified Food) Essay

â€Å"Genetically adjusted foods† is the term most generally used to allude to edit plants made for human or ani mal utilization, which have been altered in the research center to upgrade wanted attributes or improved healthful substance. The improvement of wanted attributes has customarily been embraced through rearing, yet customary plant reproducing strategies can be very tedious and are frequently not precise. Hereditary designing, then again, can make plants with the specific wanted quality quickly and with incredible precision. Advancement. GM nourishments were first put available in the mid 1990s. Ordinarily, hereditarily altered nourishments are plant items: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil, yet creature items have been proposed. The first financially developed hereditarily altered entire food crop was the tomato puree (called FlavrSavr), which was made progressively impervious to spoiling by Californian organization Calgene. As of now, th ere are various nourishments of which a hereditarily changed rendition exists. What plants are included? A few nourishments have been altered to make them impervious to creepy crawlies and infections and increasingly ready to endure herbicides. Harvests that have been adjusted for these reasons, with endorsement from the applicable specialists, in various nations, include: maize, soybean, oilseed assault (canola), chicory, squash, potato. A portion of the benefits of GM nourishments: There is a need to create cheap, sheltered and nutritious nourishments to help feed the world’s developing populace. Hereditary change may give: ï‚ · Better quality food. ï‚ · Higher healthful yields. ï‚ · Inexpensive and nutritious food, similar to carrots with more cancer prevention agents. ï‚ · Foods with a more noteworthy time span of usability, similar to tomatoes that taste better and last more. ï‚ · Food with therapeutic advantages, for example, eatable antibodies †for instance, bananas with bacterial or rotavirus antigens. ï‚ · Crops and produce that require less compound application, for example, herbicide safe canola. A portion of the impediments of GM nourishments: Food administrative specialists necessitate that GM nourishments get individual pre-showcase wellbeing evaluations. Likewise, the standard of ‘substantial equivalence’ is utilized. This implies a current food is contrasted and its hereditarily adjusted coun terpart to discover any contrasts between the current food and the new item. The appraisal researches: ï‚ · Toxicity (utilizing comparable strategies to those utilized for customary nourishments). ï‚ · Tendency to incite any unfavorably susceptible response. ï‚ · Stability of the embedded quality. ï‚ · Whether there is any dietary shortage or change in the GM food. ï‚ · Any other unintended impacts of the quality inclusion. Financial concerns: Putting up a GM nourishment for sale to the public is a long and expensive procedure, and obviously agri - biotech organizations wish to guarantee a beneficial profit for their venture. Numerous new plant hereditary building advancements and GM plants have been licensed, and patent encroachment is a major worry of agribusiness. However purchaser advocates are concerned that licensing these new plant assortments will raise the cost of seeds so high that little ranchers and underdeveloped nations won't have the option to bear the cost of seeds for GM crops, in this manner augmenting the hole between the well off and poor people. One approach to battle conceivable patent encroachment is to bring a â€Å"suici de gene† into GM plants. These plants would be suitable for just one developing season and would create sterile seeds that don't grow. Ranchers would need to purchase a new gracefully of seeds every year. In any case, this would be monetarily heartbreaking for ranchers in underdeveloped nations who can't bear to purchase seed every year and generally put aside a segment of their reap to plant in the following developing season. How are GM nourishments marked? Marking of GM nourishments and food items is likewise a disagreeable issue. On th e entire, agribusiness enterprises accept that naming ought to be intentional and impacted by the requests of the free market. In the event that purchasers show inclination for named nourishments over non - marked nourishments, at that point industry will have the motivating force to manage itself or hazard distancing the client. There are numerous inquiries that must be replied if naming of GM nourishments gets required, for example, are purchasers ready to ingest the expense of such an activity? In the event that the food creation industry is required to mark GM nourishments, industrial facilities should build two separate preparing streams and screen the creation lines as needs be. Ranchers must have the option to keep GM crops and non - GM crops from blending during planting, collecting and transportation. It is nearly guaranteed that industry will go along these extra expenses to customers as more significant expenses. Food marks must be intended to obviously pass on precise data about the item in basic language that everybody can comprehend. End: Hereditarily adjusted nourishments can possibly tackle a significant number of the world’s appetite and lack of healthy sustenance issues, and to help ensure and save the earth by expanding yield and decreasing dependence upon concoction pesticides and herbicides. Be that as it may, we should continue with alert to abstain from making unintended damage human wellbeing and the earth because of our energy for this ground-breaking innovation.

£9000 Tuition Fees Could Mean Paying Back Double

£9000 Tuition Fees Could Mean Paying Back Double The OE Blog Whilst Universities Minister David Willetts and the Coalition government continue obliquely to insist that their controversial new £9000 tuition fees system is “fair and progressive”, yet another highly respected study this week proved that students earning various middle-income salaries could end up paying back up to £85,000 in cash terms in loan repayments. The study, by leading accountants, was commissioned by BBC breakfast and looked at three case studies based on average students. It assumed that each of the students took out a loan of £9000 for each year of tuition fees, as indications now show that most good universities will be charging the upper limit in spite of hollow government promises that this would only occur in “exceptional circumstances.” The three students were assumed to have taken a moderate £4000 maintenance grant for each year of study; a mid-range figure from the amount available depending on family income. The study found that depending on the starting salary and ongoing income of each case study, the students would have to pay back between £71,873 and £83,791 in cash terms. The government has claimed that the new system reduces the burden of debt on students by allowing them to pay off their loans at a lower rate over a longer period of time. However they conveniently fail to mention that with the new system allowing for interest of up to 3% above inflation (compared to the current rate, which is set no higher than inflation) these longer repayment periods will result in students being saddled with vastly higher debts due to the enormous interest they will accrue over the period. So while the government claims to understand the needs of the average, middle income earner, they are in fact using the longer repayment period as a means of lining their coffers with huge amounts of extra interest under an absurd smokescreen of financial leniency. They even plan to introduce fines and disincentives for higher earners wishing to pay off their loans early, to avoid losing out on the vast sums of interest they will accrue by collecting repayments over a longer period. So even students working extremely hard and managing to land a well-paid job soon after graduation will not be able to reap the financial benefits of being economically responsible and trying to get out of debt as soon as possible. Universities Minister David Willetts has tried hard to focus public attention on what appears to be the attractive side of the scheme; as longer payment periods stretched over more years mean lower individual instalments. But his claim that “I think for many people what will matter the most are lower monthly repayments”, utterly fails to acknowledge the high importance for everybody of not paying back double the amount you have borrowed over a longer period of time! John Whiting, of the Chartered Institute of Taxation, confirmed that If somebody takes a significant loan its going to take them a long time to pay it back, and they are going to be paying twice even three times the amount if it takes them a long time to pay it back.

Writing Assignments My Writing Assignment - 856 Words

Looking back to all the writing assignments that I completed during the course of the semester, I feel that I have gained a large amount of knowledge in a variety of different works. The Literary Response papers helped me gain insight on the culture and beliefs during the period that we were studying; and the Homework assignment papers allowed me to further research and analyze works so that I have more of an in depth knowledge about the pieces. Learning about the different cultures, has in a sense affected my views about artworks. Before I would not have given much thought to some of the artworks that I saw, but after learning about the pieces, I feel that my opinions on artwork in general has changed quite a bit. After looking at my writing assignments I think that my writing style has not changed much since the beginning of the semester. I use the same format as I did in the beginning to write my Literary Responses as well as the Homework assignments. Although the style and format ting of my papers did not change much, I think my analysis of the works have improved. I am able to describe the artworks better, and I have an easier time reading the Literary Response passages and interpreting it to my writing. In the beginning I struggled with writing these essays, but as the course went on it become easier for me to write them. These assignments really help’s with writing the essays on the exams, I am able to describe works more thoroughly and I can get my thoughts on paperShow MoreRelatedWriting Assignment 2. My Writing Assignment Is To Explain1000 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Assignment 2 My writing assignment is to explain nonverbal communication â€Å"messages expressed by nonlinguistic means†. (Adler et al 431) so that you may understand that verbal communication is just a small part of the communication process and that through nonverbal communication you can communicate without even using words or by the way you say the words. 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Freshman Composition has forced me to improve with my semicolon use, coma use, and vocabulary. My work had not always been smooth and easy to read, but today my writing has improved extremely; for instance, looking back on my first essay to my last I can tell I have improved just by lookingRead MoreHow Do You Typically Go About Preparing For A Writing Assignment Essay980 Words   |  4 Pages1. How do you typically go about preparing for a writing assignment? Describe the steps you take, including rereading the assignment, ask ing questions about it, talking to instructors or friends, jotting down ideas, gathering information, and so on. How far in advance of the due date do you usually begin working on the assignment? Typically, I look at the assignment as soon as I can before the due date in order to begin the brainstorming process. This could be three months or two days prior toRead MoreMy Writing : The Reflective Essay Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesThe Reflective Essay Writing has been one of my favorite hobbies since I was in high school, so I used to spend many hours to writing in my daily journals in Vietnamese. However, when I came to America, I felt more difficult to write and express my thoughts in English because I did not know much vocabularies and lacking grammatical knowledge. Then, I decided to go back to school to improve my writing skills because I recognize the significance of writing in my everyday lives. As a college studentRead MoreGraduation Speech On The State Exams1460 Words   |  6 PagesProfile Essay Throughout the 15 years of my academic career, academic writing has become a much larger part of the curriculum. The writing assignments have gone from simple, one- line sentences describing a picture to a simple, 3- paragraph persuasive essay on the state exams in high school; all the way to a 25 page comprehensive research essay during my freshman year at East Stroudsburg University. As the years and assignments progressed, I developed a set of writing weakness and strengths that still shapeRead MoreSemester Reflection994 Words   |  4 PagesReflection As the semester started, I had set my mind that I was destined to achieve a lot. During the start of the semester, I had several difficulties writing English assignments especially in terms of grammar. During the first week of the semester, I sat down, organized my thoughts and comprehended that throughout the semester, I had to achieve all that I had planned for. As a student of English, I had planned that throughout the semester, I had to improve my skills as a scholar, writer and critical

Essay Native American Astronomy - 1202 Words

Native American Astronomy For many years astronomers and people alike have constantly heard about the observations and records of the Chinese and Europeans. No other culture can provide as much information as that gathered by the Chinese and Europeans, but there are many other cultures that observed and recorded the night sky, one of those being the Native Americans. During the last fifteen to twenty years archaeoastronomers have uncovered much concerning the beliefs and records of Native Americans. Unfortunately, the methods of keeping records of astronomical events were not as straight forward as the Chinese and Europeans. The Native Americans had to use what they could to record what they observed. Their records were found on rock†¦show more content†¦The Pawnee have a story about a person named Pahokatawa, who was killed by an enemy and eaten by animals, and then brought back to life by the Gods. The legend goes that he fell to earth as a meteor and told the people that when meteors were seen falling in great numbers it was not a sign that the world would end. When the pawnee tribe witnessed the time the stars fell upon the earth, which was in 1833, there was a panic, but the leader said, â€Å"remember the words of Pahokatawa† and the people were no longer afraid. This shows how powerful a role astronomy played in the Native American culture. Although the Pawnee learned not to be afraid there were Native Americans who feared meteors. The Blackfeet of Montana believed a meteor was a sign that sickness would come to the tribe in the winter the Kawaiisu thought a meteor started high and fell to the horizon was an omen of death. The Cahuilla thought a meteor was the spirit of their first shaman, takwich, who was disliked his people. Takwich wandered the sky at night looking for people far from their tribe. If he found a lost person he steal their spirit and the person home and eat them. The Shawnee believed meteors were beings fleeing from the wrath of some adversary, or from some anticipated danger.(Howard 178) Many Native Americans saw the stars as heavenly and mystical. The Wintu explained meteors as the spirits of shamans traveling to the after life. TheShow MoreRelatedAustralian And Native American History1472 Words   |  6 Pagesvastly different regions and cultures of the world, Australian and Native American mythologies have more in common than people initially realize. Both span thousands of years of traditional lifestyles, having developed unique folklore in order to preserve their cultures. Australian mythology has a slightly less severe tone, having written their myths in order to record them in the aftermath of colonization, while Native Americans feel a religious reverence for the tales because they view their storiesRead MoreThe Impact Of European Expeditions On The American Regions Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe impact of European expeditions in the American regions during the late 1400s and early 1 500s was substantial. Entirely motivated by god, glory, and gold; the Europeans brought many things to America. Including death, food, religion, metal tools, and language. Starting around 1492, Columbus was trying to find a faster route to Asia. Instead, he found an entirely different continent that would later be named America. One of the most notable things they brought was death. Bartolomà © de Las CasasRead MoreRelationship Between Native Americans And The British, French, Spanish, And Dutch1501 Words   |  7 Pagesshown by the Native Americans and the Europeans, when the latter came to the Americas in hope of land and wealth, which did not belong to them. The Europeans encountered great diversity when stepping foot into the Americas. Cultures of the Indians had them shocked; while they regarded them as â€Å"noble savages,† the Indians had a society much more complex than any European society. They had language, government, social organization, and intellect skilled i n mathematics, astrology, and astronomy. Civil interactionRead MoreEuropean Colonization : Christopher Columbus And Native Americans Essay1127 Words   |  5 Pages(Effects of European Colonization: Christopher Columbus and Native Americans). This was primarily due to European domesticated animals such as: pigs, sheep, horses, cows, and goats. To create a great epidemic of diseases America had never witnessed before. Horrible diseases which the ingenious population had no immunity for, smallpox, typhus, influence, diphtheria, and measles. â€Å"Modern historians commonly accept that around 90% of all Native Americans died as a result of contact with Europeans† (EffectsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1491 By Charles C. Mann1823 Words   |  8 Pageswrites, regarding the loss of Native American culture: â€Å"Here, at last, we begin to appreciate the enormity of the calamity, for the disintegration of native America was a loss not just to those societies but to the human enterprise as a whole. . . . The Americas were a boundless sea of novel ideas, dreams, stories, philosophies, religions, moralities, discoveries, and all the other products of the mind†(137). 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One of these cultures is the Navajo Native American tribe that resided in the southwest region of the United States. By viewing these constellations and the myths behind them, we can learn about what they Navajo held scared and how they viewed the world around them. An important aspect of NavajoRead MoreIndigenous Tribes of Latin America1511 Words   |  7 PagesSome of these kingdoms are among the most well-known in the world. The Meso-American native peoples make Latin America famous. These peoples include the Aztecs and Mayans. The Aztecs are most famous for their mathematical prowess and their calendars are exceptionally accurate. Meanwhile, the Mayans are known for creating a fully-written language and making amazing advancements in the fields or mathematics, astronomy, art and architecture. Their calendar is also well-known. The developmentRead More The European Impact on Native American Technology Essay1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe European Impact on Native American Technology When European exploration led to the populating of the Americas, it was described as the event with one of the greatest ecological impacts in history. The force behind this impact was the mass movement of people and their behaviors toward their New World. It only stands to reason that a clash would occur with the natives of these lands. One of the areas with the greatest conflict was the field of technology. Scientifically, when the culturesRead MoreThe Expeditions Of The Expedition2406 Words   |  10 Pagesand Clark have almost always been associated with excellence and adventure. Their expedition westward in search of a water passageway across the country has become etched into the annals of history as one of the earliest and greatest examples of American nationalism and survives not only as a compelling story, but also as a piece of living, breathing history. However, upon examining the expedition, several prudent questions arise: Could the expedition truly have known what awaited them out west?

Impact of Migrants on British Economy Free Essays

Introduction Historically Britain has been economically dependent on migrants to maintain itself as a leading world economy. Labour shortages in Britain were often a problem for capitalists, hence migration was encouraged. However from the onset migrants who tried to improve their economic and employment status, often suffered prejudice and were deemed biologically inferior. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Migrants on British Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Classic examples were Irish migrants who came to Britain to escape political unrest, this marked the start of Irish immigration, â€Å"which was connected to economic change, urbanisation and class formation in British society† (Solomos 2003: 37). According to Reeves, 1983, Rich, 1986 and Brody, 1998, â€Å"Images of the racial or cultural inferiority of the Irish were based not only on particular ideological constructions of the Irish but also on the definition of Englishness or Anglo-Saxon culture in terms of particular racial and cultural attributes† (cited in Solomus, 2003:39). Likewise these ideological constructions were also imposed on Black communities; both racial prejudice and discrimination were common. Britain had colonised the world in particular Africa in order to maintain economic power, and in the process had exploited its people in the slave trade. White’s behaviour towards blacks was cruel and brutal, sheer physical force was used to control them, Black people were regarded as subhuman. In order to justify the treatment of these newly colonised groups of people, supposed scientific racial theories were developed by scientists such as De Gobineau (1816-1882). De Gobineau drew upon Charles Darwin’s work (1809-1882) who proposed a theory of evolution, occurring by the process of natural selection. Darwin theorised that, â€Å"The animals (or plants) best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the characteristics which helped them survive to their offspring† (see:www.). However Darwin’s theory was never intended to influence theories of ‘race’, nonetheless De Gobineau took it upon himself to adapt it to the human race. He argued that, â€Å"Humans are separated into noticeable ‘races’ which are innately unequal† ( ). In addition to this, â€Å"Gobineau noted the superiority of the white race above others who had no chance to improve themselves through social organisation because they were somehow ‘programmed’ to be ‘inferior† ( ). He concluded that there were three different races â€Å"white (Caucasian), black (Negroid) and yellow (mongoloid). But most significantly he claimed that, â€Å"the white race was superior to the black race.† (Giddens, 2006:485). The inferior characteristics that Europeans bestowed upon Africans; enabled whites to maintain power over the black race. However by the late 1800’s new economic changes were occurring, the slave trade was finally abolished owing to public outcry. Britain’s economy of agriculture was superseded by an industrial economy, funded by the profits of the slave trade. This era described as the ‘Industrial Revolution’ was one of invention, enabling items to be produced on a larger scale. Whilst Industrialists profited from this new economy, socioeconomic factors of the new working class had become a cause for concern. Many workers had moved from the peripheries in search of work, they expected to find a better quality of life. However on their arrival they found overcrowded living conditions, long work hours and poverty, the distinction between rich and poor was apparent.Towns such as Liverpool which had been significant in the slave trade had now been outmoded by the ‘Industrial Revolution’. Whilst manufacturing had a positive effect on Britain’s economy, Li verpool’s geographical position was no longer appropriate. Social problems were more severe in Liverpool owing to a larger population, enhanced by migrants and their descendants. It was proposed that growing migrant communities were the cause of social problems, although there was no evidence to suggest this.Harris argues that, â€Å"Social decay was supposed to be connected with the presence of a ‘Negro’ population†¦and so on who constituted an almost insignificant percentage of the population of the sea-port towns† (Cited in Solomos, 2003: 44). This was set to change as post war Britain witnessed an increase in Black communities. â€Å"In 1945, Britain was recovering from the Second World War and was in need of immense reconstruction† (Lavalette Pratt, 2006:91). Reserves of labour power, usually of White European origin were exhausted,â€Å"They (White Europeans) were given preference over Commonwealth citizens because, among other reasons, there was considerable prejudice against the recruitment of black colonial workers† (Small Solomos, 1994:284). Nonetheless it was general consensus between the main political parties in Britain, that the Ministry of Labour should exploit commonwealth immigrants as labour reserves. â€Å"The result was for Britain, a unique scheme, with the British State undertaking to meet all the costs of recruitment, travel and repatriation on behalf of capitalists who were short of workers† (Solomos, 2003:50).Decolonisation assisted Black colonial immigrants to migrate to Br itain, high unemployment and inadequate welfare assistance in their countries of origin, gave them natural aspirations to migrate. Black migrants were able to enter Britain via the ‘British Nationality Act of 1948’; allowing any person who had resided in the British colonies, to live and work in Britain. Furthermore South Asian communities including Indians, Pakistanis and Bangladeshis entered Britain, East Africa had gained its independence and those who held British passports fled to Britain to avoid political unrest. On their arrival in Britain the majority of immigrants shared similar experiences in forms of racist practices. â€Å"Stigmitisation,inferiorisation,exclusion and/or discrimination in arena’s such as employment,education,housing,media,the criminal justice system, immigration apparatus, and the health services† (Brah,1996:97). These forms of institutional racism would eventually lead to solidarity, between different racial groups in thei r fight for equality. In 1958 ‘race’ riots occurred in Nottingham and Notting hill, Black immigrants were held responsible for riots. Black communities were used as scapegoats by the media for social unrest, â€Å"The media denied that the unrest was not the result of racism and instead attempted to criminalize the unrest, by claiming it was the product of a ‘black’ criminal underbelly within society† (Solomos, 1988; Gilroy, 1987, cited in Cole). In 1959 the Conservatives were elected into government and sought immigration controls to limit the flow of immigrants entering Britain. In 1962 the Conservative government implemented the ‘Commonwealth Act’; this was intended to achieve the desired effect of restricting the flow of immigrants. In effect â€Å"this piece of legislation was racist it removed the right of entry into Britain from all British passport holders, who did not have a parent or grandparent born in Britain† (Miles Phizacklea, 1984:60 ). In 1964 Labour won the General Election and had promised to rethink its strategies on immigration. Consequently in 1965 they implemented the ‘Race Relations Act’ to appease previous racist legislation, protecting existing immigrants and prohibiting discrimination on the grounds of colour, race and ethnic origin. Furthermore the policy of ‘Assimilation’ was introduced by the government to prevent immigrants from feeling excluded. It was the government’s intention to encourage immigrants to, â€Å"abandon their original customs and practices, moulding their behaviour to the values and norms of the majority† (Giddens, 2006: 497). Nonetheless many policies which intended to integrate immigrant communities were essentially undermining. Immigrants would often want to retain their own cultural values; this was perceived as reluctance to integrate into British society. Assimilation was followed by the concept of integration; British society was educated regarding different cultures. By the late 1960’s, Britain was in social and economic decline â€Å"housing, unemployment and crime was linked by the government to rising immigration† (Solomos, 2003:500). The number of visible minorities was increasing in Britain; this had not been anticipated by the British government. Black communities were growing as a result of chain migration and often endured low socio-economic status.â€Å"Immigration served to provide a ‘cheap army of labour’ but access to the welfare services, particularly housing and education, was neither planned for or often denied† (Williams; 1989:7). Minority groups did not share the same opportunities as white working class, As Pierson (2001) notes, â€Å"the compromise represented a ‘rapprochement between capital and a white, male, metropolitan and organised working class,’ which had been secured largely at the expense of other groups of workers† (p: 77). Moreover in the 1960’s, the Black community in Britain became more politically aware; they were motivated by the ongoing civil Rights Movement in America. Britain’s Black communities were able to identify with their American counterparts. â€Å"Black consciousness was rooted in the idea of there being a corporate black history and identity which is accessible only to individuals by virtue of their experience of being black† (Shukra, 1998:41). Increased political activity by ethnic minorities was potentially a threat to British society. Problems relating to Britain’s new multicultural society had to be addressed and successive governments enacted measures to combat discrimination. There were repeated implementations of the Race Relations Acts and Human Rights Acts, to promote race equality and stem the hostility of the White working class. White working class held immigrants for the failure of the capitalist system, as unemployment and housing shortages rose. Politicians fuelled prejudice and hostility towards migrant populations also, Enoch Powell warned, Increased immigration was to blame for †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ their wives were unable to obtain hospital beds on childbirth, their children were unable to obtain school places, their homes and neighbour-hoods were changed beyond recognition for the British population (Lavalette Pratt, 2006:92). This statement was hypocritical as the British government had advertised for migrant workers, to satisfy labour shortages in post-war Britain. The 1970’s witnessed further economic recession and encouraged Fascist organisations. â€Å"These right wing organisations adopted a similar style as Enoch Powell by exaggerating a supposed threat to the British way of life posed by â€Å"immigrants with alien cultures† (Brah, 1996: 37). Racism and racial discrimination have been a feature of British society, however original theories of race were no longer held.theories of race began Early theories placed race as being characterised in relation to the theory of evolution placing importance on appearance. Later, as discussed earlier theories were mainly focused around socio-economic and political context, with the constant notion of ‘us versus them’ with the addition of fear and pollution of disease, as was stereotyped with the Irish. Popular theories such as Marxism and Weberian sociology may be outdated but they provide accounts on the development of the new theories of race, racism and racial discrimination. Robert Miles (1988), a Marxist, states â€Å"on the one hand the need of the capitalist world economy for the mobility of human being, and on the other, the drawing of territorial boundaries and the construction of citizenship as a legal category which sets boundaries for human mobility† (c ited in Solomos and Black, 1996: 9), relates to the potential for global capitalism if migrants are included, but those excluded have problems with citizenship. With reference to race and racial discrimination it can be said that immigrants in Britain faced inequalities that Marx stated in his theory of proletariats being exploited by the bourgeoisie, as the only forms of employment that were available to migrants were unwanted by the dominant white population. Marx described the capitalist society and employment structure, as having no form of social upward/downward mobility. Conclusion Weberian theory consists of class, status and power, with more agency and more possibility of change. Contemporary Weberian sociologists such as Rex and Tomlinson cited in Solomos and Black (1996) integrate both status and party in relation to class by describing the underclass were conceptualised in terms of their disadvantages compared to their white peers. â€Å"Instead of identifying with working class culture, community and politics, they formed their own organisations and became effectively a separate underprivileged class.† How to cite Impact of Migrants on British Economy, Essay examples

Work Experience Report free essay sample

As Ships Diving Officer, I was responsible for the proper ballasting of the ship in port and at sea and responsible to coordinate all submarine docking and undoing procedures during extended maintenance. As Quality Assurance Officer, I was responsible for ensuring proper standards of maintenance, training and qualification of workers and inspectors for all Level l, SUBSUME and reactor and steam plant cleanliness procedures. Specific engineering tasks I carried out during my employment include: Primary supervisor for operation, upkeep and testing of all reactor controls, monitoring and protection equipment for a US Navy pressurized water nuclear actor. I supervised seven technicians in carrying out complex test procedures, corrective and preventative maintenance of reactor controls equipment and developing troubleshooting procedures to address a number of different reactor control and protection system casualties. Specific engineering tasks I carried out in this position include: * Test plan development and execution for control rod alignment and timing testing; * Test plan development and execution for primary protection instrumentation calibration; * Developed an integrated reactor controls division audit and surveillance program; * Planned and executed 5 year prime allergenic alignment of reactor controls equipment. This procedure involves significant mathematical and engineering calculations, precise adjustments to reactor controls equipment and non-standard reactor plant operations at maximum plant output; * Developed an emergent troubleshooting and repair/replacement plan for the successful replacement of a leaking large grade capacitor which provided mission critical pump control capabilities. Nuclear Engineering Plant Watch Supervisor and Nippon Engineering Duty Officer Responsible for safe operation of the Ana nuclear propulsion plant and all associated auxiliary equipment. This included operations at maximum propulsion, nuclear and propulsion plant casualty response, establishing test procedure and maintenance estate boundaries, and development and execution to quail assurance control maintenance and test procedures. Specific engineering tasks I carried out in this position include: * Establishing primary safety boundaries for electrical and mechanical component upkeep, repair and replacement; * Evaluating primary and secondary plant chemistry and calculating and approving required chemical additions under varying plant conditions necessary to ensure proper plant hygiene and prevent component corrosion and degradation; * Evaluation of plant parameters and application of complex engineering calculations to establish appropriate measures for safe startup and shutdown of the reactor plant under normal and emergency conditions. Primary supervisor for sonar acoustic division, responsible for the training of on watch sonar operators and the upkeep and maintenance of all sonar and acoustic systems. I supervised 15 operators and technicians in carrying out complex maintenance evolutions and developing and executing troubleshooting procedures to repair mission critical systems and components. Specific engineering related tasks I carried out in this position include: * Developed quality assurance controlled work procedures for maintenance and repair of SUBSUME, seawater boundary systems; * Developed and executed a 27-day at-sea troubleshooting and repair plan to identify and correct complex electronic system faults that resulted in a loss of more than 50% of on board acoustic sensing and analysis capability while conducting a mission of national importance. The identification and rectification of multiple power and signal enhancement component failures required detailed and methodical troubleshooting landing skills and the design and implementation of two separate Jumper systems in order to restore mission critical processing capability; * Led the ships sound silencing and component noise monitoring teams, supervising sonar division and 12 noise control petty officers in identifying and correcting noise deficiencies throughout the ship as well as in external tanks and components. In this capacity I was required to apply knowledge of system load requirements, sound silencing equipment specifications and preservation requirements and conduct thorough space and yeses inspections to identify and correct hundreds of noise deficiencies. Primary supervisor for all Level I and SUBSUME quality assurance repair and maintenance as Ships Quality Assurance Officer. Specific engineering tasks I performed in this position include: * Review and approval of all controlled work packages for repair and overhaul of SUBSUME and Level I components; * Developed rigorous command surveillance and monitoring program to ensure efficacy of controlled work procedures and to identify and correct all issues related to Objective Quality Evidence (JOE) documenting controlled work; * Established safe work mandarins for hydrostatic testing of SUBSUME and Level I components and systems; * Developed training and qualification plan for to ensure compliance with all appropriate Joint Fleet Maintenance Manual standards and regulations by all quality assurance craftsman and supervisors on board. As Ships Diving Officer, I was responsible for the maintenance of ship weights, moment and balance calculations to ensure sate operations while submerging the ship and to ensure safe conduct of import maintenance procedures effecting weight and balance distribution on board. Spec ific engineering tasks I carried out in this ole include: * Calculating ships dive compensation for each initial submergence of the submarine after in port operations. This involved precise calculations of weight load and distribution changes affecting the ships neutral submerged buoyancy during in port and extended surfaced operations. Calculations required detailed knowledge and assessment in changes of equipment and supply load outs, variable tank levels and complex component replacement weight adjustment measurements to ensure proper buoyancy when submerging the submarine after extended in port periods * Primary supervisor for ballasting down evolutions. This included calculating anticipated trim and list changes from large scale and rapid changes in ballast through venting or blowing variable ballast tanks. * Supervising all docking and undoing evolutions as docking officer.

Emily Dickinson Essays (1568 words) - American Christians

Emily Dickinson Throughout the history of literature, it has often been said that "the poet is the poetry" (Tate, Reactionary 9); that a poet's life and experiences greatly influence the style and the content of their writing, some more than others. Emily Dickinson is one of the most renowned poets of her time, recognized for the amount of genuine, emotional insight into life, death, and love she was able to show through her poetry. Many believe her lifestyle and solitude brought her to that point in her writing. During Emily Dickinson's life, she suffered many experiences that eventually sent her into seclusion, and those events, along with her reclusiveness, had a great impact on her poetry. Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts, the second daughter of Edward and Emily Dickinson. Her family was very prominent in the small town of Amherst, but Emily never enjoyed the popularity her family received and began to withdraw early from public life (Ravert 1). Her solitude began long before it was obvious and went much deeper than many noticed at the time. The relationships that existed between Emily and her family were distant and remote, especially the bonds with her parents (Zabel 251-55). Emily's mother was never "emotionally accessible" (Ravert 1), therefore Emily was left without a mother figure in her life. Emily had a very strict, authoritative father, who provided her with an excellent education and many books and literature, but often censored her reading materials for subjects suitable to his own interests (Tate, Six 9-10). She felt her father would never accept the workings of her mind so she took herself away from him, refusing to let herself grow close to her family (Zabel 251-55). The Dickinson family was extremely devout in the Christian Puritan faith and tradition. Emily's father was especially strict in his beliefs, but she refused to conform and never joined the church. Her faith was often shaken and her doubts of the Puritan conception of God tormented her. She could not convince her soul of their ideals, believing that "only direct experience leads to spiritual experience" (Miller 35). Dickinson was often more fervid in her expressions of love and nature than those of religion, for she saw the "austerities of the public God" (Zabel 253). She began to write poetry regarding the God of her own solitude, understanding that her real reverence was for Nature. According to Conrad Aiken, Nature "seemed to her a more manifest and more beautiful evidence of Divine Will than creeds and churches" (NCLC 21:35). Her views and feelings toward faith and God placed her further away from society and created even more distance in her personal relationships with her family and close friends (Ravert 1). The factors that drove Emily Dickinson to live as she did, to withdraw from the world, are numerous, but most believe one of the most prominent reasons was that she simply chose to live that way. It seems she became a hermit by deliberate and conscious choice, for she had no interest in public life or the ways of society (Tate, Reactionary 22-24). In an 1891 essay, composed by Mabel L. Todd, the critic stated Emily "had tried society and the world but found it lacking" (NCLC 21:14). As she grew up, Dickinson began to realize that she was different from the rest of the world in so many ways. According to the writer Amy Lowell, in an 1891 essay written about Emily's motives for seclusion, Emily knew no different life, but knew she did not belong to the one she found herself in (NCLC 21:29-30). She did not want to remake herself in any way, so she moved to a "solitude within" (Zabel 252). With the exception of only a few brief visits to Boston, Philadelphia and Washington, she lived entirely in the remote New England town of Amherst, seeing what could be seen from her bedroom window (Tate, Six 12-13). She preferred to stay close to home, spending her time reading, working in her garden, doing chores, but most of all, writing poetry--her only true form of expression (Miller 34). Emily Dickinson "never had a fulfilling love affair" (Miller 34). There are many rumors and much speculation regarding Emily's love life, but no one will dispute the fact she had terrible luck with love and that this heartache ultimately affected her poetry. She was involved with a number of men, but never one with whom she could form a lasting relationship. Early in her love life, two significant men, Ben

Turbo C for dummies essays

Turbo C for dummies essays ************************************** WELCOME TO TURBO C++ FOR WINDOWS 4.5 ************************************** This README file contains important information about TURBO C++ FOR WINDOWS 4.5 (TCW). For the latest information about TCW and its accompanying programs, read this entire Installing Turbo C++ on your hard disk Importing Project Files from Borland C++ 4.x ObjectComponents Framework (OCF), OLE 2.0, and ObjectWindows 2.5 Registering debugging versions of OLE servers under TCW New file in WINDOWSSYSTEM directory New tools for registering OLE servers and automation controllers Debugging OLE applications under Windows NT OLE error codes OLE2 applications OLE implementation under Windows NT OLE2 compiler options VBX Controls Included with TCW OpenHelp with TASM Limitation in DOCVIEW.IDE DDVT functions and RTTI Inline assembly and interrupts Creating 16-bit import libraries from .DEF files IDE/Integrated Debugging InProc servers and the IDE Running from a Windows 3.1 DOS Prompt Converting TCW 3.1 to TCW 4.5 code C/C++ Language Features ********************************************* ********************************************* If you have any problems, please read this file, the HELPME.WRI and other files in your DOC subdirectory, and ********************************************* ********************************************* Do not install TCW 4.5 over previously installed TCW directories. The files in this distribution will not...

International Strategic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

International Strategic Marketing - Essay Example As a result, the establishment of two major rail franchises that sells more than just the usual travel tour packages offered by the Virgin Company. Aside from the focus of the company on travel operations, the franchise establishments also sell entertainment materials such as magazines and music videos and DVD gadgets. There also came the establishment of the Virgin Mega stores that serve as the major mall-like establishments of the company that mostly offer materials in connection with entertainment. Aside from the many operations that the Virgin Group of Companies caters to, there are also other services that they still offer the public. The said services include balloon flights, beverages, bridal stores, cosmetics, financial services, health clubs, Internet services, mobile phone services, publishing, and a record label. (2007) As closely observed, the entire concern of the company is to provide recreation, entertainment and leisure to its clients. Hence, it could be noticed that most of its market comes from the upper level of the global economy. This directly refers to the fact that most of the clients that are able to appreciate and consume their products and accept their services are those who have the capability to pay for the amount of their business transactions. Being in the industry that holds much the competition as it is directly connected to entertainment and travel systems which is now the most in demand services in the society, how are the Virgin group of Companies able to cope up with the competition that is present in the business society How are they able to refine their strategies of market approach considering that they are considered as a multinational company that has to deal with multicultural society of workers Aside from this, as the company grows even larger and ventures to different areas of business, how are they able to keep a strong stand in the competitive pace of the global business culture These questions and more shall be answered on the chapter discussions that follow. CHAPTER 2 The Competitive Strategies of the Virgin Group (Literature Review) In business, there is always competition. According to Milton Snoeyenbos, "Competition is the essence of putting up a business and making things happen for a certain company" (1992). This is indeed true. As obviously seen today, different types of competition that naturally determines their status in the global business arena govern the global industry of business. Furthermore, Snoeyenbos adds that: "the ability of a business entity to keep up with the competition that it is supposed to have engagement with measures its capability of keeping up with the fast paced development of global trade and industries" (1992) Certainly, multinational companies, such as the Virgin Group, directly experience such competitive environment of operating in the global market. There are many companies that naturally would want to have the same 'fair share' of market especially when it comes to travel operations and entertainment. It is indeed true that to be able to survive in such a competitive world of business, a company, or a business

Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Social Responsibility Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example This paper illustrates that there are three CSR theories, which are interdisciplinary; utilitarian, relational, and managerial theories. Utilitarian theories emphasize on a maximization of profit, hence related to theories of competitive advantage. The managerial theory, on the other hand, has the CSR approached internally; meaning that anything exterior to the business is taken into account for the firm’s decision-making. The Relational theory has to do with the complex firm-environment relationships. The implication here is that the firm-environment relationships form the focus of the CRS analysis. In the CRS, business in society comes up as a matter of interplay between the two. Thus, the relational theory is value-based and interdependent between the corporation and mankind. CSR is important to both the agency and the consumers in a number of ways: for companies, it helps them create a better public image since their public image is at the mercy of their social responsibil ity strategies and how their customers are mindful of them. According to Cone Communications, 90% of the consumers would avoid doing business with corporations if there were no social responsibility plan. Studies indicate that firms heavily involved in funds and goods donation to Non-governmental and other non-profit making organizations and schools are likely to increase the likelihood of consumers buying their products. At the same time, a corporation that takes care to ensure that the primal matter used in its products are environmentally secure and the manufacturing process is sustainable is more eye-catching to the society.

Communication in Care Settings

Communication in Care Settings The Croft Nursery school is a chain of day-care centres throughout the Newcastle-under-Lyme area, it takes children from 0-4 years before preschool and has close links with the local hospital with kids need specialised attention for disabilities and medical conditions. Communication is very important in this care setting both between staff and children and there are different ways this communication takes place through oral, written, body language and special communication Oral communication is by far the most common between staff you can quickly and easily share information and build relationships easily with colleagues- it is also important to use oral communication with the service users as it builds a relationship with them and helps them learn and understand language. The use of oral communication and the language use differs for staff, parents and children-staff may use informal language the bond with each other and clear precise formal directions when exchange information. Calm and welcoming tones would be used to welcome parents and exchange information about their child, it is more informal as it is very stressful for parents to leave their children and they need to feel secure and relaxed. When using oral communication with children it is important to use clear and simple language, speaking slowly using other forms of communication such as body language and signs to help them understand. Listening is also very important as children are not al ways clear when they speak Body language and non-verbal communication links in with oral communication and helps connect with the service users when lack of language is barrier to effective communication- it is important to maintain eye contact, keep your body language open and relaxed and use non-verbal sins such as nodding and smiling to show you are listening-it is very important with children as they are very sensitive as their oral skills are less developed so they rely on facial expression and body language to communicate with you. I observed at the nursery with the younger toddlers they would teach the children certain signs such as patting their mouth to ask for food- so that they could communicate what they needed with the care workers before they learned the words to ask. It is important to watch a childs body language as they may not verbally express it if they are in pain or discomfort so a care worker needs to have effective communication and pick up on any non verbal signs that a child may be in distress. Written communication is often used in many care settings-it allows information to be recorded and therefore reviewed later and eliminates the possibility of human error-for example a human may not remember being told of a specific allergy or a medicine that a child needs- and the child cannot communicate it-but written notes support the care workers and allow them to keep a detailed account of the child needs. Written communication is used throughout the day-care- parents, children and staff have to sign in and out of the building to keep track of the children who are there in a emergency and protect the children-as the staff know who is in the building at all times. Written communication can make information readily available to service users through websites, leaflets and posters-they can see what services they are providing and their produces as well as seeing what their child does on a daily basis.As well as being aware of opening times and ways to contact the centre Computerise d communication also ties in as they can email or text to communicate with the daycare workers during the day and see how their child is doing. Sometimes special methods of communications are used especially with younger children who only have a simple grasp on language such as signs to direct them and give them instructions such as diagrams outside the toilet to tell them to wipe and wash their hands and directions on the coat hangers to direct them to how to easily put their coats on. Children can also communicate and express themselves through artistic activities and this allows them to grow and develop their communication skills and learn to express themselves. Children with special needs may need different forms of communication such as sign language or Braille and the centre has employees with skills the cater to their needs as they are learning to communicate. Makaton is also a useful for communication with children with learning difficulties as many of the children at the day care have learning difficulties or disability, Makaton uses signs and symbols, on picture cards and ties into to facial expressions to help the m understand. Communication between individuals does not always go smoothly, as there are often barriers to effective communication between people. If part of the communication cycle is unclear things can become confused for example if the person cannot correctly articulate or express what they are trying to say, they may not be listening attentively, they may use terms or colloquial language that the other person is unfamiliar with or try to communicate an idea with someone assuming they already have the relevant knowledge to understand it. There are many barriers’ that can affect communication such as sensory deprivation, foreign language jargon, slang, dialect or cultural differences. There are techniques to overcome barriers that occur in communication, oral communication is often used in care settings but there can be misunderstandings when people use slang, jargon or are simply not listening but you can overcome this using your verbal skills effectively, by paraphrasing to make sure you received the correct message, speaking clearly using simple English, and using a range of open and closed questions to get the information you need for example using closed questions to get simple and quick answer and open questions for a more detailed and emotional response. Be-aware of cultural differences as certain words e.g. sick which means good to younger people but disgusting or unwell to older people and I gestures that are acceptable in one country can be extremely rude in others for example in Greece the okay hand sign is rude and is insinuating that you think they are a phallus. Sometimes communication is hindered because the service user may have issues hearing, see ing or simply understanding language therefore other forms of communication must be employed such as sign language, Braille or lip reading to allow the user to communicate. The most important things to assure effective communication is making sure that you are both comfortable and attentive taking into note environmental factors and making sure there are no physical barriers between people communicating and they are in a well lit comfortable area. You must be very aware of your body language, too close, eye contact and body language focused on the user can demonstrate interest and concern but can also be seen as aggressive especially in other cultures so be sure to keep a adequate distance but not too far to feel unapproachable or cold. Keep your body at a slight angle therefore leaving your body language open and keep frequent but not constant eye contact. Listening is always the most important aspect and is essential in care settings as you may miss a vital piece of information that could help you treat a patient or treat a service user in a critical situation. Research has been done into communication and several theories have arisen from this and can provide guidance for care workers. One of the most well knows is the SOLER theory- it follows five basic points S Sit attentively at an angle It is important to sit attentively at an angle to the person who uses the service. This means that you can look at the person directly and shows that you are listening to the person seated beside you and that you are conveying interest. O Open posture It is important for a practitioner to have an open posture. This means not sitting or standing with your arms folded across your chest as this can sometimes signal that you are defensive or that you are anxious. If a practitioner has an open posture the person may be more inclined to elaborate on their concerns. L Leaning forward It important that practitioners lean forward towards the person using the service, this shows that you are interested in what the person is talking about. It is also possible that the person may be talking about personal issues and so may speak in a lower or quieter tone of voice. In addition you may want to convey a message in a lower or quieter tone of voice if you are seated in a public environment. E Eye contact Eye contact is important as this demonstrates that practitioners are interested and focused on the message that the person using the service is conveying. You can also develop a sense of the person’s emotional state by making eye contact, therefore, enabling you to judge the extent to which the person may be experiencing difficulty. R Relaxed body language It is important to have a relaxed body language as this conveys to the person using the service that you are not in a rush. This will enable the person to develop their responses to questions in their own time Implementing this theory provide multiple benefits to a person using the service they will feel listened to, develop a close relationship with the practitioner and feel that they care, which will make him/her feel less vulnerable and will feel more positive about asking for help if they feel that they will receive it in a non-judgemental and productive manner. It also benefits the care practitioner as they will understand the needs of the person using the service and therefore effectively address the needs of the person using the service and review care plans more efficiently. Another theory of communication is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions are motivated in orderto achieve certain needs He presents this in a pyramid format as you need to fulfil the lower greater needs before you can fulfil higher lesser needs at the bottom of the pyramid is Physiological needs are the physical requirements for human survival, such as water, food, sleep, warmth etc If these requirements are not met, the human body cannot function properly and will ultimately fail. Physiological needs are the most important; they should be met first. With their physical needs satisfied, the individuals safety needs take precedence as in the absence of safety people feel stressed and can experience post traumatic stress disorder-people who are being threatened abused or live in a dangerous or war torn environment cannot concentrate on higher psychological needs and it is a basic animal instinct to need to feel safe and secure in their health and well-being. After physiological and safety needs are fulfilled, the third level of human needs is interpersonal and involves feelings of belonging such as love, family and friendship this need is especially strong in childhood and can override the need for safety as witnessed in children who cling to abusive parents. Lack of love and belonging– due to isolation, abuse, hospitalization or neglect. – can impact the individuals ability to form and maintain emotionally significant relationships in general, such as friendship, romantic relations or any intimacy with another person and Many people become susceptible to loneliness social anxiety and clinical depression n the absence of this love or belonging element. T The fourth tier is esteem-All humans have a need to feel respected; this includes the need to have self esteem and self-respect. People often engage in a profession or hobby to gain recognition. These activities give the person a sense of contribution or value. People with low self-esteem often need respect from others, and seek to please others or achieve fame or glory but self esteem needs acceptance from within and is not found in others Psychological imbalances such as depression can hinder the person from obtaining a higher level of self-esteem or self-respect. People need self esteem and it makes them aim to better themselves and achieve things. Without these things low self esteem may lead to an inferiority complex, weakness, and helplessness. At the top of the pyramid is self actualization this level of need refers to what a persons full potential is and the realization of that potential.individuals may perceive or focus on this need very specifically. For example, one person may have the strong desire to become an ideal parent, another to build their own business and simply gain great athleticism; it may even be expressed in paintings, pictures, or inventions.As previously mentioned, Maslow believed that to understand this level of need, the person must not only achieve the previous needs, but master them. Using this theory in care settings help us understand what the patient needs by looking at what they have fulfilled in their life and what they still need-for example a depressed patient cannot be treated for hormonal imbalances or issues with intimacy etc. If they are in an unsafe environment or have no shelter or lack of food-those needs must first be addressed before you can address issues further up Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It helps us better structure our care and help patients more efficiently. I experience all these forms of communication and issues when I did experience at The Croft nursery. During my time their I circulated between the different ages of children and learned about the communication between the staff with children of different ages and also how they communicate with each other, which helped me better explore communication and understand it rather than simply reading about it. At the nursery, I participated in games with the children, sat them down for dinner, took them for walks and laid them down for naps. I found it very easy to engage with the children and feel this was a strong point of mine I kept my body language open and very positive and was good at getting the children to open up. Sometimes I struggled with the language barriers with younger children as it is hard to understand what they want and can be confusing but I got used to looking for other signs and body language to understand what they wanted from me. I took direction well from the staff and enjoyed working with them-they were very clear and had good communication all over the building, there was no confusion where I was going and what I was doing and the use of telephones connected in each room made it easy for them to ask for help or anything else they needed from other rooms. The only complaint I would have is some of the staff could be a bit more rude and less welcoming and would discuss topics around the young children that wasn’t appropriate especially as the children were just starting the learn language. I would say that my weak point would have been communicating with the children to make them understand what they couldn’t do- I found it very easy to get them to do things and play with them but when it comes to the negative side such as telling them off I found it difficult as I felt uncomfortable being so negative to other people’s children and would need to work on and research it for next time. I a lso feel that I could benefit of more extensive training and explanations of techniques to use with the children. Communication in Care Settings Communication in Care Settings Introduction This unit investigates the different types of communication skills used in care settings and their purpose. I will give an in-depth description of the different types of communication used in care settings and their purposes. The description will clearly show how people are valued and supported by the different types of communication. These include; written, oral, computerised and special methods. Also, I will show my understanding of how the application of the values of care by practitioners when communicating with people who use services can be supportive. These values of care include; promoting equality and diversity, maintaining confidentiality and promoting individual rights and beliefs. For example, confidentiality is a key value in health and social care and that may be faced by confidentiality dilemmas and in such cases what to do if information is given and is felt this should be shared. I will show a high level of understanding of how communication can be supported and inhi bited by factors, which can influence communication which includes the use of the values of care. The factors include; positioning (for example, space, height), emotional (for example, fear happiness, self-esteem, trust, empathy, responsiveness, attentiveness, respect) environmental conditions (for example, space, noise, lighting, ventilation) and special needs (for example, using appropriate vocabulary, sign language). A wide-range of examples will be given. Furthermore, I will also show my understanding of the importance of the content that is being communicated. Within health and social care settings communication is key to communicate with other practitioners, people who use these services and relatives. I will consider the different types of interaction, their purposes, the people involved and how to build a professional partnership with people who use services. There are a variety of skills used within care settings when communicating with others and these influence the effectiveness of the communication. I will give a detailed and comprehensive explanation of four communication skills used by practitioners in one care setting and how skills may affect interaction, how they can minimise communication barriers and help value individuals. Examples of skills include; tone of voice, pace of voice, eye contact, facial expression, clarifying, posture, paraphrasing and empathising. Detailed reasons for using each skill will be given. Also, I will show a high level of understanding of how people who use the service are valued and supported by the application of values of care and appropriate use of communication skills. A wide range of appropriate examples will be included. I will demonstrate the ability to select and use appropriate information from a wide range of sources, for example, books and the internet, for at least two theories of communication. I will give an in depth explanation, showing a high level of understanding of how these theories can be used as a strategy to enhance and prevent barriers to communication and to provide guidance about how to effectively communicate with people who use the service/practitioners. I will include theories relating to; group structures, the communication cycle, the structure of interactions, SOLER and theories of formation. I will provide comprehensive records of one interaction with a person who uses services/practitioners or a small group of people who use services/practitioners. These will be supported by records that show how the interaction was planned and conducted, the aims and objectives and the skills used for the interaction. The information considers, at a comprehensive level, the skills used the factors that supported and/or inhibited the interaction and information which shows a high level of understanding of how the values of care were applied. I will produce a comprehensive evaluation of the interaction which shows evidence of reflection, analysis and conclusions; I will consider the interaction from their own and the person/people who use services/practitioner(s) perspective. I will include a witness statement. Lastly, I will describe in detail realistic improvements that could be made. Different Types of Commutation used in Care Settings There are many circumstances in a care setting, where is it vital to exchange information. Communication enables the building of appropriate relationships and meeting the physical, intellectual, emotional and social needs of service users. The quality of communication will form the value of relationships and the ability of carers to meet service user’s needs. Types of communication include; oral, written, computerised and special methods. Oral Communication http://ec.l.thumbs.canstockphoto.com/canstock6638212.jpg Having a conversation with someone consists of the development of skills and social coordination. This means; showing an interest, being interesting and having the ability to start conversations and end them. When communicating orally with others within a care setting may have different intentions. These may include; giving information (for example, service providers within a GP may state what and where services are available), obtaining information (for example, when a child begins nursery contact information will be given to early years staff and is used if contact with any child’s parents is necessary) or even to exchange ideas (for example, within a care home elderly individuals may share present or past experiences with others) Giving and obtaining information is essential because the content must be accurate. If incorrect ‘facts’ are given, the individual who needs the information will be misled and this may result in serious consequences. An effective approach of ‘making a connection’ is by putting people at their ease by taking an honest interest in them. This should apply whether you are giving the information to an individual or even if you are receiving the information. In addition, if an individual is from a different culture, it is vital as this shows the value of diversity. Also, being open about what individuals are aiming to accomplish and inspiring the others to do the same is also needed when giving, obtaining information or exchanging ideas. When talking to people, non-verbal signals, such as gestures or smiles are regularly used. This is reffered to as ‘body language’ and is also a method of giving messages to individuals with whom we are talking to: for example, smiling will express friendliness. When individuals communicate with each other they send messages and unveiling information. When communicating verbally, messages are encoded by a sender and decoded by a receiver. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCS_99.htm Communication in different settings is likely to be of a complex nature; therefore this means it may have a number of intensions. For example, care workers will need to be conscious that each individual will have their personal way of understanding messages. Effective communication refers to more than just passing on information and consists of involving or engaging with another person. Tearesa Thompson (1986) argues that communication is significant for two main explanations. Primarily, communication allows individuals to share information. Also communication allows relationships between people. Thompson states ‘communication is the relationship’. Therefore, speaking or signing is essential to creating relationships between people, and care workers must have highly developed social skills, to ensure their ability to work with the variety of emotional needs that service users will have. Examples of tasks, where verbal/oral communication is vital; Asking for information Explaining issues, policies and procedures Building an understanding of another person’s life Clarifying issues Problem solving Exchanging ideas/learning new ideas Carrying out interviews and assessments Building a sense of trust Establishing professional relationships Providing emotional support Calming people who are experiencing strong emotions Welcoming people Written Communication http://files.www.lawyersmutualnc.com/Newsletter_Clipart.gif http://comps.fotosearch.com/comp/IMZ/IMZ199/writing-letter_~szo0432.jpg The written word is used extensively and is the most frequently recognised method of communication. The rules that administer writing are different from those that are accompanied for spoken language. Within many settings accuracy of the written word is particularly essential. For example, if inaccuracies take place with keeping of formal records within a GP; an individual might have the incorrect treatment or be given improper information with possible severe consequences. Essentially this could result to a complaint being put forward or even court proceedings being taken against the organisation. When writing information down it must be; clear, accurate and legible. Inaccurate, written records could result in; inappropriate actions, failure to act or complaints and litigation (legal action). In many settings, written information is used to record personal history. For example in early years settings communicating in writing helps care workers to keep in contact with parents, friends of the organisation and other professionals. The intentions may be on giving or obtaining information or exchanging ideas. In many settings the communication policy will lay down that all written communication needs be shown to the manager before it is passed on. It recommended that copies of written communication should be kept in case they are essential for future reference. Types of written communication may include; Letters Appointments, information about meeting, visits, tests results Accident slips To inform of minor injury to children Care plans A plan of the care an individual is to receive Menus The choices available at meal times Monitoring medical records Temperature, pulse or, in early years, the progress that is being made Newsletters Giving information about events Notice boards These can be reminders or information about group meetings Personal history Individuals details about past and current experience Computerised Communication http://www.fcps.edu/LibertyMS/images_top/News/email%20clipart.png In recent years the development of email has grown to be a frequently used method of communication. Emails can be both formal and informal depending on their intension. An advantage of emails is that it is a fast technique of communicating with another individual or organisation as answers can be received in a matter of minutes, rather than having to wait for a number of days. Care must be taken to make sure that confidentiality is maintained and only shared on a ‘need to know basis’ only. In addition, the internet is too increasingly being used as a source of information for various types of purposes. Computers use the written word, as their main function, but they are also used to show information in graphics and sounds. Electronic forms of communication such as mobile devises are currently the most used technology in the many individuals everyday life. In many settings computers may be used for interacting between one organisation and another. For example, a GP surgery could use the computer to send information about a patient to a consultant at a hospital, to send a prescription to a pharmacy or even to send essential information to an individual’s home address. Moreover, this is similar as an internal network system can also be in place to ensure that employees within one setting can be linked with others to share information. For example, within school organisations, teachers can be sent key information via email. With electronic records it is important to; Keep a ‘back up cop’ increase the system crashes Use a password security check to make sure that only certain staff have access Find out about the policy on the printing of details so that hard copies do not get lost, or even seen by others Know the policy on who is authorised to update or change records. The recording system must prevent information being altered or lost by accident Print out fixed documents in an appropriate confidential area and keep the documents in a safe system to prevent unauthorised people having access to confidential material In all situations care needs to be taken to guarantee that the requirements of the data protection act are followed when using the computer. The act: generated new obligations for those keeping personal information, entails that a service user can be given a copy of any information that is kept about them (this is known as your ‘right of access’), requires that any incorrect information about a person is modified or deleted, gives an individual the right to complain to the data protection commissioner if they think someone is keeping data and is not conforming with the act, permits individuals to declare compensation through the courts if they suffer damage through mishandling information about themselves, enable an individual who uses services to find out from any person or organisation whether information is being kept about them and if they do to be told the type of information kept and the purposes for which it is kept. People keeping personal information should give individuals access to their personal information and can correct or delete any information found to be inaccurate. Settings must: get personal information fairly and openly, use it only in ways compatible with the intension for which it was given in the first place, secure it against unauthorised access or loss and make sure that it is accurate and kept up to date. Special Methods All health, social care and early years’ settings must be ready to offer individuals with special needs where communication is concerned. Special needs may include the following: hearing impairment or deafness, poor eyesight or blindness, language difficulty (including English not being first/preferred language). Therefore, there are a number of organisations that can provide support with such needs for example, Makaton, Braille, Sign Language and Interpreters. Makaton http://www.jacobbailey.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/MAKATON_SIGNS.png Makaton is a language programme using signs, speech and symbols to help people to communicate. Makaton aids individuals who have a hearing impairment or who may have a learning difficulty to communicate with others. It is designed to support spoken language and the signs and symbols are used with speech, in spoken word order. Makaton uses an established set of hand movements to convey meaning. Today over 100,000 children and adults, use Makaton symbols and signs. With Makaton, children and adults can communicate straight away using this language programme. With young children it is usually as soon as it is recognised that they have a need. Some individuals then naturally stop using the signs or symbols at their own pace, as they develop speech. However for others this system is required throughout their lifetime. For those who have experienced the frustration of being unable to communicate meaningfully or effectively, Makaton really can help. Makaton takes away that frustration and enables individuals to connect with other people and the world around them. This opens up all kinds of possibilities. Makaton helps deliver extra clues about what someone is saying. Using signs can help people who have no speech or whose speech is unclear. Using symbols can help people who have limited speech and those who cannot, or prefer not to sign. Makaton is extremely flexible as it can be adapted to meet an individuals needs and used at a level appropriate for them. It can be used to: Share thoughts, choices and emotions Label real objects, pictures, photos and places Take part in games and songs Listen to, read and tell stories Create recipes, menus and shopping lists Write letters and messages Help people find their way around public buildings Braille http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/x/braille-reading-1484302.jpg Braille is a system of raised dots that can be felt with fingers, for people who have limited vision or are blind, this system provides the opportunity for independent reading and writing as it is based on ‘touch’. Braille was introduced by a Frenchman blind person named Louis Braille in 1829. Using the correct computer software, individuals can translate written material into Braille and print out using special printers. Braille can be very useful to individuals who use services who have poor eye sight as they are able to read leaflets and hand-outs that provide information regarding their treatment, as well as being able to read books and magazines and satisfy their personal intellectual needs. Sign Language http://www2.le.ac.uk/departments/modern-languages/lal/NEW%20COURSES_FROM_JANUARY_2014/images%20NEW2014/BSL.jpg Sign Language is a visual means of communicating using signals, facial expression, and body language. Sign Language is largely used by people who are deaf or have hearing impairments. Within Britain the most common form of Sign Language is known as British Sign Language (BSL). British Sign Language has its individual grammatical structure and syntax, as a language it is not dependant nor is it associated to spoken English. British Sign Language is used amongst 50,000 – 70,000 people within the UK. The government officially recognised British sign language, in March 2003 as an official minority language, this lead to an increase in raising awareness of the BSL campaign. British sign language has a phrase ‘make your fingers counts’ which appeals to children. British sign language can be taught at any age, for example even children are intrigued about BSL. It is a language that has developed over hundreds of years and enables interaction between people who otherwise might experience difficulty. Interpreters http://www.lexlogos.com/images/blog/Lexlogos-LLC-Happy-International-Translation-Day.jpg Interpreters can be used to support communication with service users for whom English is not their ideal or first language. In the past usually service users have brought along translators which have been people who are members of their own family. However this has currently been decreasing as it was considered by many individuals that using family members was not beneficial, as service users became aware that the information may not necessarily be kept confidential even by using family members. For example, a daughter (family member) who is translating for her mother (service user) can discover that her mother has a terminal illness, in this case a mother would rather have someone who is not a member of the family to ensure nay health problems are kept confidential and shared only on a ‘need to know basis’. Within a lot of health, social care and early years’ services, there are leaflets available which cover a variety of health topics or health facilities and are produced in a number of other languages (including English). Therefore many service users within our multi-cultural society have full access to the information needed, rather than having to use a translator.

Frustration on a Deserted Island Essay

William Golding wrote a book Lord of the Flies that has his thoughts about human nature and his central idea of the theme civilization versus savagery. The book starts with kids that are stranded after a plane crashes and fight for survival. Two characters show their differences in the book known as Ralph and Jack. Golding uses these characters as a foil that will lead to the overall theme, shows how violent people get when there are no rules that control them and he also shows symbols in the book that defines each character. In the book Ralph and Jack have their differences and similarities. Ralph shows how he wants to rule in a form of civilization that will unify the group as one. But Jack opposes to the way Ralph rules, Jack wants to rule in a savage way of killing pigs to eat meat and have no responsibilities of keeping the fire going to be rescued. But they both have a common enemy known as the beast the beast has caused terror ever since they heard and thought they saw in the mountains. Making them realizes there aren’t alone in the island. Golding uses Ralph and Jack as a foil to show they don’t like their way of how they rule, so their there is a conflict that leads to the overall theme. Ralph tries to lead as a civilization and make a fire for a signal for rescue, but no one likes his idea. Jack rules with fear and savagery in his group, he tells them that he will protect them from the beast and will provide meat by killing the pigs in the island. I believe that Ralph is the better leader because he is using his knowledge on what he has learned back home of civilization. There are symbols that represent Ralph and Jack on how they act on the island. The symbol that represents Ralph based on his ideas of trying to keep the group unified is the conch. The conch represents Ralph when first used it and everyone gathered up like there were a civilization. A symbol that represents Jack is the beast in the island. The beast symbolizes Jack on his way of treating his tribe bad and killing Simon thinking he was the beast. Both characters start acting opposite to each other after Jack believes that Ralph is trying to be better than him leading to the conflicts between these two characters. Golding uses his thoughts in the book using Ralph and Jack. He shows these two characters about violence, human nature and government. He thinks that there is a part of violence in human nature but there is a government that maintains people as a civilization with laws. Golding also uses foil to lead to the overall them. He uses these two characters against each other to let people know how we need laws for civilization because savagery can overcome civilization like in the island. Without laws that we can follow, human instincts will lea to think we can do anything we want. Golding has shown many clues in the book Lord of the Flies to represent the theme of the book. He shown how the kids in the island how they used to lived in a civilized society and then being stranded in a island can make them turn into savages after living with no laws or rules.

Course Outline – General Principles of Management

WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA Addressing gender disparity and fostering equity in University Education FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL STUDIES & I. T. BSc MANAGEMENT AND ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES (BM114) Course Outline for General Management Principles (BM114) Preamble A study of the General Management principles that seeks to equip students with the general management and managerial skills that will prepare them to be effective managers and entrepreneurs who can quickly adopt to new management situations. Aims To equip students with modern general management principles.Objectives of the Course 1. To enable students to understand and appreciate the nature and scope of management. Course Content †¢ Management and Managers What is management? †¢ Team Building †¢ Managerial functions †¢ Types of managers †¢ Manager’s roles and skills †¢ Challenges for management in a Global Environment 2. 0 The Evolution of Management Theory †¢ Scientific Management Theory †¢ Administrative Management Theory †¢ Behavioural Management Theory †¢ Management Science Theory †¢ Organisational Environment Theory †¢ Total Quality Management †¢ Business Process Reengineering 3. 0 The Environment of Management Theory . 1 The Organisational Environment †¢ Task environment †¢ General environment †¢ Managing the organisational environment 3. 2 The Global Environment †¢ The changing global environment †¢ The global task environment †¢ The global general environment †¢ The collapse of time and distance †¢ You and International Management †¢ Importance of understanding Cultural Differences 4. 0 Strategic Planning †¢ The manager as a planner strategist †¢ The planning process †¢ Determining the organisation’s mission and goals †¢ Formulation of strategy †¢ Planning and implementing strategy †¢ M. Porter’s Five for ces model . 0 Organising †¢ Designing organisational structure †¢ Grouping tasks into jobs; job design, grouping jobs into functions †¢ Strategic alliances and network structure. †¢ Organisational control and culture (output, behavioural and organisational culture and clan control system) †¢ Strategic Human Resources Management †¢ Groups and group dynamics 6. 0 Leading †¢ Nature of leadership †¢ Trait and behaviour models of leadership †¢ Gender in Leadership †¢ Motivation and motivational theories †¢ Managers as a person (personality, attitude, behaviour, perception, career development and stress management) . 0 Conflict Management †¢ Organisational conflict †¢ Organisational politics †¢ Change Management 8. 0 Managing Information Systems and Technologies †¢ MIS and Decision Making 9. 0 Managing Innovation, Product Development and Entrepreneurship †¢ Innovation, Technological change and competition â₠¬ ¢ Product Development †¢ Entrepreneurship Assessment †¢ Examination : Course work (30%) Assignments (10%) Class Tests (20%) End of year Examination 70% Recommended Textbooks 1. Business Management: A contemporary Compilation, Johannesburg: FVBC by Nieuwenhuizen C and Oosthuizen TFJ. 2012. 2.Introduction to Business Management 6th Edition Editors Cronje, Du Toit, Marcus, Motlatla. Oxford University Press 3. Management A Practical Introduction 3rd Edition by Angelo Kinicki and Brian K. Williams. McGraw Hill International 4. A Handbook to Human Resources Management Practice 10th Edition by Michael Armstrong. International Student Edition 5. Management Concepts and Practices 5th Edition by Tim Hannagan 6. Fundamentals of Management Essential Concepts and Application 6th Edition Pearson Productions by Stephen P Robbins, Sanghamitra Bhattacharyya, David A DeCenzo, Madhushree Nanda Agarwal. ———————– [pic]